Sluggish Cognitive Tempo is used to describe a particular type of attention deficit, concentration, and slowness in information processing. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric PROPERTIES of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCTS) of the parent form among Iranian children. The present study is a descriptive study. A sample of 1700 people was selected from the provinces of Tehran, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Fars and Khorasan using cluster sampling method. 122 subjects were excluded from statistical analysis due to incomplete answers to the questionnaires and thus the final sample was reduced to 1578 parents. The confirmatory factor analysis method and internal consistency were used to compute the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale factorial validity and reliability, respectively. Also, in order to examine the construct validity of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale, we computed correlations between different dimensions of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale with Attention Deficit Subscale of Mental Health Assessment Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents. The results of statistical results showed that this scale has structural validity, criterion and convergence in Iranian society. The results indicate that the scale is three factors and also the validity of the scale using Cronbach's alpha method and retest test after Approved two weeks. According to the findings of the present study, the parent form of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCTS) has a good validity and reliability and it can be used in research related to slow cognitive multiplication in Iranian society.

One of the factors that can be the link between our intentions and actions and their external consequences is human agency, which indicates the conscious design and intentional execution of actions by the individual in order to influence future events.Objective and Method: This research with a developmental approach of psychometric method and method 1, examines the psychometric indices of the Human Factor Characteristics Scale using the classical theory of test score measurement and the graduated question-answer theory. The purpose of this study, which included high school students in Tehran, was selected by cluster sampling of 500 people as a sample size and statistical analysis was performed on 481 data. To collect the data, the ion Human Agent Characteristics Scale (2011) was used and the research questions were evaluated using IRTPRO and SPSS software.Results:The assumption of local independence based on Pearson x2 index was established by applying Simjima's calibrated question-answer theory and the assumption of being one-dimensional based on the analysis of multidimensional question-answer theory. Diagnosis parameters with question-answer approach and classical approach Test score Both item 25 approach had the lowest and item 2 had the highest diagnosis parameter. The answer thresholds for all the questions were so far apart that no option was covered by the other option, and the options were independently selected by individuals at intervals of theta. The total scale was calculated with Cronbach's alpha of 0.945, intentionality of 0.894, foresight of 0.780, self-reactivity of 0.871 and rethinking of 0.762. Also, the role of each item in internal consistency was investigated by the loop method, which all questions had a favorable role in internal consistency of this scale. The value of the validity coefficient obtained from the question-answer theory was obtained by marginal method for intentionality 0.92, forethought 0.85, self-reaction 0.91, rethinking 0.83..

One of the important issues in the production of concrete is environmental variability that affects the concrete and elements constructed from this material. Due to the importance of different characteristics of concrete in short- and long-term conditions, this article aims to investigate the influence of initial temperature conditions of self-compacting concrete on its long-term characteristics and determine the initial optimal temperature of concrete. For these purposes, several experiments under three temperature conditions of 5, 20, and 40 degree-of-Celsius were conducted to evaluate the rheology and mechanical PROPERTIES of fresh concrete in the range of 7 and 28 days. In these experiments, alternative mineral admixtures of cement such as micro-silica, fly ash, and zeolite were used to build the concrete specimens. Results demonstrate that the mechanical PROPERTIES of the specimens increase with increasing initial temperature in the short term, while such PROPERTIES significantly decrease in the long term compared to the specimens constructed under lower initial temperature. Moreover, the fluidity of self-compacting concrete increases with increasing initial temperature.

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the validity, reliability and factor structure of the "How I Think" questionnaire to assess cognitive distortions in Iranian students. The present research design is descriptive and psychometric studies. The statistical population of this study included all male high school students in city Dezful in the academic year 1399-1400, from which 316 students were selected by multi-stage random sampling and completed the How I think and Bass and Perry Aggression Questionnaires (for Convergent validity). Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data using SPSS and AMOS 20 software. The results of factor analysis showed that the questionnaire consists of six factors and has good fit indices. The convergent validity of this questionnaire indicated a satisfactory correlation between the dimensions of the scale "How I think" with the Aggression Questionnaire (p <0.01). Cronbach's alpha and Split- half coefficients for the whole scale and its dimensions ranged from 0.66 to 0.92.The conclusion is that the Persian version of the "How do I think" questionnaire for measuring cognitive distortions in Iranian students has acceptable psychometric PROPERTIES and can be used as a valid tool in research, educational and clinical situations.

Today, natural vegetation is severely damaged in many arid regions due to different causes. This phenomenon leads to desertification in these areas. Afforestation by planting SEEDLINGs is one of the approaches to the prevention of desertification by planting suitable plant types (such as Nitraria schoberi L.). One of the effective factors in SEEDLING quality is physical-chemical soil substrate PROPERTIES. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of soil substrate on vegetative PROPERTIES of Nitraria schoberi SEEDLING in nursery based on completely randomized design including seven soil treatments with four replications in Zirkouh nursery in the spring of 2013. The results showed significant effects of different soil treatments on different growth PROPERTIES of Nitraria schoberi L. SEEDLINGs. Based on the results of this study, mixture of clay soil, sand and animal manure (1:2:1) can be suggested as the best soil substrate in order to growth of Nitraria schoberi L. SEEDLINGs in the study site and the similar areas. Using this soil composition is recommended for the purpose of production of high quality SEEDLING in nursery, with ecological conditions similar to this research.

Using of soil conditioners is a method for retaining and storing the soil moisture in arid and semi arid areas. Application of hydrogels is a solution to increase irrigation efficiency in this area. Super absorbent polymers are conditioner’s group which can absorb precipitation or irrigation water and prevent from water percolation. A completely randomized design research with factorial arrangement and three replications was carried out to evaluate the effects ofstockosorb hydrogel and irrigation intervals on growth ofhaloxylon SEEDLINGs in Hossain Abad Ghinab (Birjand, Iran). The experimental treatments consisted in different amounts of stockosorbhydrogel (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%) and irrigation intervals (every day, every 3 days and every 5 days). The result showed that application of hydrogel had the positive and significant effect on growth indices of SEEDLING i.e. height, wet and dry weight of shoots and root and root length. The highest values of above indices were noted in 0.4% hydrogel treatment, but most growth indices in this treatment had no significant difference with 0.3% treatment. Also, the maximum values of growth indices were obtained by every 3 days irrigation. In addition, using hydrogel improved some soil PROPERTIES, so that due to hydrogel, available water content increased and electrical conductivity and bulk density decreased significantly (P<0.05). According to results of this research, adding hydrogel into soil cause the haloxylon SEEDLINGs to grow and establish successfully in arid and semi arid area. Therefore, in order to reduce the water deficiency problem in conditions similar to this research, application of 0.4% hydrogel together with every 3 days irrigation can be recommended as a successful method for retaining the soil moisture and increasing the growth ofhaloxylon SEEDLINGs. However, in field condition more amounts of super absorbent and different irrigation intervals should be investigated, too.

Poor establishment of SEEDLING due to both drought and lack of water is one of the most important problems in arid and semiarid regions such as Iran. So, in order to evaluate the effect of lentil seed size on germination and SEEDLING growth PROPERTIES affected by drought stress, a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement and 3 replications conducted using two lentils genotypes (Robatt and Gachsaran), two small and large seed sizes (34.8 and 59 mg in Robatt and 41.5 and 69 mg in Gachsaran per seed), respectively and five drought levels (0, -2, -6, -12 and -18 bar) in 1387. Results showed that all of studied traits (R/H ratio except) were affected by seed size, genotype and drought, significantly. Small seeds sizes had highest percent and rate germination, radicle and hypocotyle length and weight. But radicle/hypocotyle ratio of large seed was higher.Robatt was performance for total trait significantly. With increasing in drought intensity, trait values had significant decreases. Also double and triple interactions between factors were significant. Overall it seems that small seed size show more tolerance to drought and genotype with small seed size are performance in this condition.

Introduction: The mechanical characteristics of roots can serve as a significant factor for selecting trees in the plantation of arid regions for soil bioengineering. This research aims to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of Tehran pine roots at various vegetative ages (one-year-old, three-year-old, and five-year-old SEEDLINGs) and under different water stress levels (light, medium, and severe) in Robat Karim.Materials and Methods: The mechanical PROPERTIES of the roots were studied after estimating the water requirement of the studied SEEDLINGs at different ages for one year and based on the water stress levels. Then, five SEEDLINGs from each treatment (equal to 9 treatments) were selected and coded completely randomly to evaluate the water stress on the mechanical characteristics of the roots of Tehran pine. Initially, some root parameters such as root diameter, length of the whole root, length of thin roots, and length of the longest root were measured. Then the tensile force, tensile strength, and Young's modulus of the roots were measured and recorded using a standard Centam device.Findings: The results showed that with the increase in root diameter, the tensile force of the root changes based on the positive power relationship, and the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the root changes based on the negative power relationship. Furthermore, laboratory examinations showed that at any age, the length of the whole root and the root length densities are higher with the increase in water stress. The use of covariance analysis showed that the results of the average comparison between one-year-old age and mild drought stress, three-year-old age and moderate stress, and five-year-old age and severe stress are significant with a probability of 95%.Conclusion: The results of this research show that the mechanical characteristics of the root can be used as an important factor for the selection of pine SEEDLINGs in the afforestation of arid areas for soil bioengineering purposes. Therefore, it is recommended that these PROPERTIES be considered in soil reinforcement modeling.

In order to study the effect of salinity and temperature on germination and SEEDLING growth of roselle, a factorial experiment was carried out using Randomized complete design with four replicates in Gonbad Kavous University, agronomy laboratory in May of 2011. The first factor included 5 salinity levels (0, -3, -6, -9 and -12 bar) and the second factor included 3 temperature levels (25, 30 and 35 C°). The result that showed the effect of temperature length plumule, length radicle, germination rate and dynamics of the seed material was significant in %1 level but on dry weight of plumule in %5 level. The effect of salinity was significant in %1 on all traits expect of dry weight of radicle. While the effect of salinity ´ temperature was significant only on length radicle, dry weight of SEEDLING, dry weight of plumule and germination rate. Regression analysis showed that the maximum reduction per unit increasing in salinity was happened in length of plumule with %9.38 and the lowest decreasing was happened in dynamics of the seed material with %2.54. The most percent germination and dynamics of the seed material were happened in 31 C°. The traits that salinity×temperature interaction was significant, the minimal adverse of salt was happened in 30 C°. Thus on these results can be stated that the proper temperature for this species was 30-31 C°.